Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Gastroenterology is a subspecialty of internal medicine that studies the structure, functions and diseases of the digestive system organs. The main organs examined are the oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver and gallbladder, spleen and pancreas. At the Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Gastroenterology department, a highly experienced, internationally trained academic team provides examinations and assessments of the digestive system, endoscopic examinations and procedures for many digestive system diseases using up-to-date technology, as well as diagnosis and treatment services supported by laboratory and other imaging methods.

Main Treatments Performed;

Endoscopy (examination of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum)

• Chromoendoscopy (staining of lesions, allowing better identification of suspicious lesions)

• Magnifying Endoscopy (magnifies the lesion up to 135 times, providing clearer information about its status and risk of becoming cancerous)

• Endoscopic treatments (polypectomy)

• Bleeding control (Endoscopic Band Ligation (EBL) for ulcer bleeding and oesophageal variceal bleeding)

• PEG (endoscopic feeding tube placement)

• Nasal endoscopy

• Metal Stenting (metal stent placement for obstructions caused by tumours of the oesophagus, stomach and large intestine)

Colonoscopy (examination of the large intestine)

• Chromoendoscopy (staining of lesions, allowing better identification of suspicious lesions)

• Magnifying Endoscopy (magnifies the lesion up to 135 times, providing clearer information about its status and risk of becoming cancerous)

• Polypectomy

• Haemorrhoid treatment (Endoscopic Band Ligation, Laser)

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) (used in the diagnosis and treatment of bile duct diseases)

• Removal of bile duct stones

• Repair of postoperative bile duct leaks

• Relief of jaundice caused by bile duct compression from bile duct and pancreatic tumours (plastic and metal stenting)

• Selected treatments in chronic and acute pancreatitis

POEM (Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy) (the most effective minimally invasive treatment method for achalasia)

• Achalasia treatment (A-POEM)

• Zenker's diverticulum treatment (Z-POEM)

• Gastroparesis treatment (G-POEM)

• Other oesophageal diverticula causing difficulty swallowing (D-POEM)

• Hirschsprung's disease treatment (PREM (Per-Rectal Endoscopic Myotomy))

Endoscopic Reflux Treatment Methods

• Endoscopic Fundoplication (GERDx procedure)

• ARMA (Anti-Reflux Mucosal Ablation)

• ARMS (Anti-Reflux Mucosectomy)

ESD (Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection)

• Non-surgical endoscopic removal of “early-stage” cancers of the oesophagus, stomach and large intestine

• STER (removal of subepithelial tumours using the tunnelling technique)

Endoscopic Bariatric Procedures (gastric balloon, gastric Botox procedures)

Cholangioscopy (direct visualisation of the bile ducts)

• SpyGlass Cholangioscopy

• Slim endoscopic cholangioscopy

• Laser lithotripsy of bile duct stones

Enteroscopy (double-balloon enteroscopy)

• Small intestine imaging (small intestine cancers, polyps, sources of bleeding)

Capsule Endoscopy (imaging of the small intestine with a swallowed capsule)

Main Tests Performed;

• All routine laboratory tests (such as hemogram, CRP, liver, pancreas and kidney tests)

• Faecal Calprotectin

• Tests for autoimmune diseases

• Tests for genetic diseases

• Coeliac disease tests

Gastroenterology-Specific Tests;

• Oesophageal motility studies (Manometry (HRM), 24-hour pH-metry, Bravo capsule pH-metry, barium swallow)

• Gastric emptying time (performed with solids or liquids)

• SIBO test (diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome)