PULMONARY DISEASES

Problems that develop in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems can lead to breathing difficulties and reduce the quality of life. Sometimes severe breathing difficulties can even prevent patients from performing daily activities. Therefore, if a suspicious symptom is noticed, it is essential to consult a specialist for early diagnosis and treatment.

The chest diseases department, consisting of pulmonologists, respiratory therapists, and healthcare personnel, works with advanced imaging and respiratory function tests, using the latest diagnostic technologies. Adopting patient-centered care, it applies a holistic treatment that includes both preventive practices and therapeutic interventions.

Our Mission: To follow the latest technological devices and the newest treatment methods in the field of Chest Diseases, to offer them to humanity with a distinguished and experienced team specialized in the field and diseases, and to achieve excellent results in accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Our Vision: To be among the centers accredited by national and international institutions in solving problems and diagnosing and treating diseases in the field of Chest Diseases.

Our Sub-units:

• Chest Diseases and Allergy Clinic
• Smoke-Free Life and Smoking Cessation Clinic
• Respiratory Functions Laboratory
• Allergy Laboratory
• Bronchoscopy Laboratory
• Other Procedures and Applications
• Patient Education

What are Chest Diseases?

The chest diseases department deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the lungs, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. The severity of these diseases can vary and typically arise from infections, environmental factors, genetic predispositions, or lifestyle choices. Understanding the fundamental nature of chest diseases is essential for effective prevention and management. These diseases include:

• Pneumonia: Also known as pneumonia, it is the inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs. It is usually caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.
• Bronchitis: Bronchitis, which means inflammation of the bronchi, is characterized by dark-colored phlegm and wheezing. It is caused by viral infections, smoking, or exposure to irritants.
• Emphysema: Gradual destruction and loss of elasticity of the alveoli in the lungs. This deterioration leads to impaired airflow and respiratory problems.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): COPD is a progressive lung disease primarily caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In this disease, airway narrowing and loss of lung elasticity impair airflow. Smoking is a significant risk factor for COPD.
• Asthma: Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the airways, leading to recurring coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath episodes. Asthma can be triggered by allergens, exercise, or environmental factors.
• Interstitial Lung Diseases: This category includes a group of disorders that cause inflammation and stiffening of lung tissue. Conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can lead to impaired lung function.
• Lung Cancer: Lung cancer, caused by uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs, is often due to tobacco smoke, environmental pollutants, or genetics. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in lung cancer cases.
• Pulmonary Embolism: Pulmonary embolism refers to a blood clot that travels to the lungs and obstructs blood flow. This condition can be life-threatening and presents with sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat.
• Occupational Lung Diseases: Exposure to certain occupational hazards can lead to chest diseases. For example, asbestos-related diseases can result in asbestosis or mesothelioma.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. It leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus, causing recurrent lung infections and breathing difficulties.
• Pleurisy: Inflammation of the thin membranes surrounding the lungs. It can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing.
• Pleural Effusion: Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity of the chest, often due to infections, heart failure, or cancer.
• Pneumothorax: Air accumulation in the pleural space between the lung and chest wall due to air leakage from the lungs. The accumulated air creates pressure on the lungs, causing them to collapse.

What are the Symptoms of Chest Diseases?

Recognizing and identifying symptoms associated with chest diseases early is crucial for prompt intervention. These symptoms include:

• Shortness of Breath: The most prominent symptom of chest diseases, shortness of breath or dyspnea, can be a sign of respiratory distress. It can vary from mild to severe depending on the underlying condition.
• Persistent Cough: A chronic or persistent cough lasting for weeks may indicate lung infections, chronic bronchitis, asthma, or even lung cancer. The type of cough and accompanying features can provide valuable clues about the underlying issue.
• Chest Pain: Chest pain can result from various chest diseases, including pneumonia, pleurisy, or a heart attack. The nature, duration, and location of the pain are important for accurate diagnosis.
• Wheezing: Wheezing is often associated with conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It indicates airway obstruction or inflammation.
• Fatigue: Persistent fatigue can be a symptom of many chest diseases. The body may struggle to meet its energy needs due to breathing difficulties, leading to fatigue.
• Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, and fingertips indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood. Conditions like pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or congenital heart defects can cause cyanosis.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss can be associated with some chest diseases, including lung cancer. This weight loss is due to increased energy needs caused by chronic inflammation or malignant tumors.
• Frequent Respiratory Infections: Recurring infections may indicate a weakened respiratory system. Individuals experiencing frequent respiratory infections should consult a specialist to determine the underlying cause.

How are Chest Diseases Diagnosed?

The following tests are used to diagnose diseases in the chest diseases department:

• Clinical Evaluation: The diagnostic process begins with a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Healthcare professionals take a detailed patient history, inquire about symptoms, and perform a physical examination to gather basic information. Factors such as the duration and nature of symptoms, lifestyle, and environmental exposures are considered.
• Imaging Studies: Radiological imaging plays a critical role in diagnosing chest diseases. X-rays provide a quick and basic assessment, revealing abnormalities in lung structure. Computed tomography (CT) scans offer detailed cross-sectional images, helping to detect lesions, tumors, or infections.
• Respiratory Function Tests: These tests are used to assess lung function. They measure parameters such as lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange. Spirometry and lung capacity tests are some of these tests. Abnormal results may indicate conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, or restrictive lung diseases.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests can provide valuable information about the presence of infection, inflammation, or abnormal immune responses. They are particularly conducted to detect complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and autoimmune markers.
• Bronchoscopy: Bronchoscopy is used in cases requiring direct visualization of the airways. A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the lungs through the nose or mouth. This procedure allows for the examination of the lungs and the collection of samples for further analysis.
• Biopsy: A biopsy may be necessary to confirm abnormalities detected in imaging tests. Tissue samples obtained through a biopsy are crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Echocardiography: ECG or echocardiography may be performed to evaluate heart function and rule out cardiac-related causes of chest symptoms. These tests help detect conditions like heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.

How are Chest Diseases Treated?

Coping with chest diseases can be challenging as they affect not only physical health but also overall quality of life. Effective treatment requires both medical interventions and lifestyle changes. Medications such as inhalers and antibiotics help manage symptoms, while respiratory therapies and exercises improve lung function. Quitting smoking, adopting a balanced diet, and staying active contribute significantly to overall health. For those with low oxygen levels, oxygen therapy can make daily activities more manageable. In more severe cases, surgical interventions may be necessary, especially for conditions like lung cancer or emphysema. Vaccinations, psychological support, and regular check-ups provide a holistic approach. Environmental awareness, clean living spaces, and a positive outlook are also crucial for managing and treating chest diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions